MORE ABOUT HTML

Web Page Designing

The International network that link various networks throughout the world is called Internet. It can also be termed as the network of networks in global form. By using this global network structure, we can integrate different network structure to form a global network.

When you surf the Internet, you can see page known as a web page. Every new screen you see is a new web page. A web page can include text, graphics, animations and sounds. The collection of web pages is called websites. Web address takes you to website’s homepage, which should introduce you to what that site offers in terms of information and other services.

HTML

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the computer programming language that defines the content, layout, links and graphics that when converted by a web browser creates the web page that we see on our screen. The web pages are developed by using HTML. It is not a programming language, it is a markup language. The markup tags tell the web browser how to display the page for the user. Web pages are also called HTML documents. So, HTML are building a block of web documents.

Advantages of HTML:

Different tags used in HTML helps to make web pages look attractive.
We can create a link between different types of documents and files.
We can display data in tabular format.

Web page

A web page (HTML file) is a plain text file that uses HTML code tags to instruct web browsers to display text and objects in some specific ways. They can be prepared using any plain text editor (such as Notepad) or by using a visual editor such as Web Page.

Web Browser

A software application which is used to locate, retrieve, and display content on the world Wide Web is known as a web browser. The browser is the client that contacts with the web server and request information. The web server sends information back to the web browser which displays the result, on the computer.

Hyperlink

The hyperlink is a link from a hypertext document to another location, activated by clicking on highlighted word or image.The hyperlink is the most important feature of HTML. Without hyperlinks, you can’t have websites. It creates links between web pages in a website.

HTML and Its Introduction

HTML Tags

Different tags with their attributes are used to develop HTML documents or web pages. HTML tags are the keywords or commands used in HTML. They are enclosed by angle brackets like < HTML >. The tags tell the browser how to display the document on the web pages. There are two types of HTML tags. They are:

Container Tags (paired tags):
A container tag has start and end tag. Start tags are written within angular brackets and the end tags are written within angular bracket along with slash (/). The text and other tags are written between the start and end tags. Some examples of container tags are: < HTML > content , < HEAD> content , etc.
Empty Tags (singular tags):
Some tags do not require the end tags. The tags which have no end tags are called empty tags. Some examples of empty tags are < IMG >, etc.

Attributes

The HTML tags can also have attributes. Attributes provide additional information to describe the content of tags. The attributes are always in the start tag of the element. Each attribute has some value. A value of an attribute is assigned by the equal sign. The values are generally enclosed in the double quotes. Common attributes are color, height, width etc.

Skeleton of HTML

HTML is a tag-based scripting language. The skeleton is its basic structure. Without it, HTML document cannot be constructed. The minimum requirement for HTML designing and its position in the document can be discussed here. The < HTML>and < /HTML> tags are the backbone or main point on which other tags are located. All the elements of HTML is written within < HTML >. The structure of HTML is as follows:

< HTML >
< HEAD > … < /HEAD >
< TITLE> … : written within < HEAD> tags.
< BODY>…. < /BODY >
< /HTML >

The < HTML > is the main body of HTML documents in which applet, multimedia, link and several other elements are placed. We can say that the HTML document has document has following two important sections:

HEAD section
BODY section

How to Create an HTML file?

An Html file is a plain text file with either .htm or .html as the file extension. The three letter extension (.htm) call back to the time when computers would only allow up to three letters in the file extension. You can either use .htm or .html in file extensions.

Creating HTML Document or Web Page

You can create the HTML documents either by using the plain text editors software like Notepad, WordPad or by using web designing software like Microsoft Frontpage.

The steps to create HTML document using text editor Notepad:

Step 1: Open the Notepad. ( To open Notepad, click on the Start button and choose the All programs menu. Go to the Accessories and click on the Notepad.)
Step 2: Type the HTML code in the Notepad.
Step 3: Save the document with the extension .htm or .html.

Different Tags Used in HTML

The paragraph Tag ()

This tag is used to create a paragraph on the web page. It is a container tag but its closing tag is optional. You can align the paragraph either in left, right, center or justify using ALIGN attribute.

Syntax: ……

Line Breaking Tag

This tag is used for starting a new line at that point. You can put tag on the document from where you want to break the line. But it does not break the paragraph. It does not have end tag as it is an empty tag.

Syntax: Text….

Horizontal Line tag < HR >

This tag is used to draw the horizontal line across the page. It is an empty tag. you can use different attributes with this tag such as Align, Color, Size, Width etc.

Syntax: < HR Align = “left” / “right”/ “center”/ no shade

Color = ” Color _ name “

Size = ” Pixels “

Width = ” Percentage “

Heading Tags ( < H1 > …… < H6 > )

The heading tags are used to set different headings on the document. In the HTML, headings are used up to 6 levels ( H1 to H6 ). The first level of heading is defined using < H1 > tag. In the < H1 > tag, the heading appears in large size. < H6 > is the last level heading where text appears in small size.

Syntax: < Hn align = “left”/ “right” / “center” > text < /Hn >

where, n is a number from 1 to 6.

Image tag (< IMG >)

Using < IMG > tag you can insert inline images into the web page. This tag does not have the end tag. Some attributes of this tag are src, width, height, align, border etc.

Syntax: < IMG >

SRC = ” image file “
Width = ” value “
Height = ” Value “
Align = ” Left ” / ” Right ” / ” Center ” / ” Top” / “Bottom”
Border = ” Value “

Marquee Tag < MARQUEE >

The < marquee > tag is used for scrolling piece of text or image displayed either horizontally across or vertically down on the web page. the text or picture can be animated in the browser with the help of < MARQUEE > tag. The text or picture can be put in between opening and closing < MARQUEE > tag.

Syntax:
< MARQUEE >
Behavior = ” Slide ” / ” Scroll ” / ” Alternate “
Bgcolor = ” Color name “
Direction = ” Left ” / ” Right ” / ” Up “/ “Down “
Scroll delay = Time in millisecond
< /Marquee >

Where,

Behavior: It specifies the movement of the MARQUEE text.
Direction: It specifies scrolling direction of the MARQUEE text.
Bgcolor: it specifies the background color of MARQUEE.
Scroll delay: It defines how long to delay between each jump.

Anchor Tag (< A >)

The Anchor tag < A > is used to create all types of hyperlinks in the web page. every anchor tag must have a closing or end tag ( < /A >). The href attribute is compulsory used with this tag.

Syntax: < A HREF = “URL” > text or image to describe link < /A >

HTML Document Formatting Tags

Different formatting tags are used in HTML document to give different design in the web page. using these tags you can make your web page more attractive. Some commonly used formatting tags are , , etc…

The font style tags are used to change the appearance of the text such as Bold, Italic, Underline, etc. Some font style tags and their syntax are as follows:

 tag: This tag is used to set the text in boldface.
Syntax: Text…
 tag: This tag is used to set text in italic format.
Syntax: Text…
 tag: This tag is used to underline the text.
syntax: text..
 tag: This tag is used to convert the text in superscript like a², b² etc..
Syntax: …..Text
 tag: This tag is used to convert text in subscript like a₂, b₂ etc..
Syntax: Text…

MORE ABOUT HTML